Kazakhstan is the largest state in Central Asia. It is a member state of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). President Nursultan Nazarbayev ruled the country from 1990 to 19 March 2019, when he announced his surprise resignation following a deepening economic crisis in the country.1https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-47628854 Kazakhstani purports to follow […]

For 75 years under the Soviet system, the Kyrgyz Republic was officially a secular state. Experiencing ethnic tensions, political and economic woes since independence, Kyrgyzstan is a parliamentary republic. The population of Kyrgyzstan is estimated at 6.6 million as of 2021.1National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic – Statistics of […]

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan plunged into civil war, which ended in 1997. In spite of some developments and laws passed on domestic violence and agreeing on an International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which eliminated the death penalty, the current government which, now in its […]

Turkmenistan is a former Soviet state in Central Asia. Since its independence in 1991, Turkmenistan has been ruled by two repressive authoritarian rulers who rose to power during the communist era. The Democratic Party of Turkmenistan (DPT) is the only registered political party in the country.1https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/0/e/23722.pdf Since 2013, the government […]

In 1991, Uzbekistan emerged as a sovereign country after more than a century of Russian rule. A former Communist, Islam Karimov, emerged as President. He ruled the country as dictator until his death in 2016, during which time he exercised a ruthlessly authoritarian approach to all forms of opposition, using […]